Simulation Modeling Frameworks for Single-Cycling and Double-Cycling Strategies in Container Terminals

Container terminals are among the most critical parts of transportation systems. Reducing the ship turnaround time increases terminal efficiency and enhances global trade volumes. Such time reductions can be achieved by improving the operational efficiency of major resources at container terminals. Quay crane operating strategies are crucial for assessing the performance of container terminals. Simulation models are effective and reliable methods for interpreting and improving complex systems. This study proposes simulation models that include container loading and unloading tasks in marine container terminals implementing single-cycling and double-cycling strategies. Double-cycling is a quay crane operating strategy that attempts to improve container handling efficiency. The system was modeled using ARENA simulation software. The implementation results of the single-cycling and double-cycling strategies were compared in terms of the performance criteria, such as the utilization rates of the quay crane and yard trucks, ship turnaround time, and operating cost.