The Social Cost and Environmental Life Cycle Analysis of Passenger Ships in Istanbul

Calculating the inventory of shipping emissions is crucial in order to guide the authorities to prepare regulations on emission reduction. On the other hand, the effectiveness of the measurement techniques can only be accurately observed by the calculation of social costs. In this study, firstly, the emission inventory and social cost of passenger ships operating in Bosphorus are calculated. Then, these calculations were repeated in case of declaration of the Marmara Sea as Emission Control Area (ECA). The total amount of emissions in current situation decreases by 7.75 % in case of ECA declaration. The total cost of fuel switching increases approximately 39.52 %; however the total social cost decreases by 50.56 %. The total economic benefit is calculated as $ 117,739,686.97. According to the LCA results, fuel switching increases the deleterious impacts on human health, ecosystem quality and climate change, while the impacts on raw resources decreased.