Energy and Exergy Analysis of Diesel-Hydrogen and Diesel-Ammonia Fuel Blends in Diesel Engine

In response to global warming and pollution, the use of alternative fuels in diesel engines is becoming increasingly important. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of hydrogen and ammonia additions to diesel fuel on carbon emissions and energy and the exergy efficiency of diesel engines and to evaluate sustainability. In this study, the effects of adding 5%, 10%, and 15% of both hydrogen and ammonia to conventional diesel fuel on specific fuel consumption, carbon emissions, energy, exergy, and sustainability index (SI) were examined parametrically. Ammonia and hydrogen fuels reduce CO2 emissions because they are carbon-free. as a result of the research, it was found that compared with ammonia addition, increasing hydrogen addition lowered specific fuel consumption while decreasing engine performance. The findings obtained show that mechanical energy and exergy values increase by 5.5% in the case of hydrogen addition and decrease by approximately 1.1% in the case of ammonia addition. The thermal efficiency and SI increased in the case of hydrogen addition and decreased in the case of ammonia addition. The exergy efficiency was estimated to be 63.37%, an increase of approximately 2.3% over pure diesel. The highest SI and exergetic performance coefficient values were determined 2.73 and 1.63, respectively. In line with the first and second law analyses, the usability of ammonia and hydrogen in diesel engines was evaluated thermodynamically.